CBTC unleashes the intelligence of automatic train control systems, utilizing: High-resolution location-determining telemetry (hardware and software),Bidirectional train-to-wayside data communications, andA combination of train-borne and wayside processors. Together, these systems are capable of implementing automatic train protection (ATP) as well as optional automatic train operation (ATO) and automatic train supervision (ATS). Multiple benefits arise from the ability to constantly evaluate a train’s real-time…